Rejects argument that “the natural metabolization of alcohol in the bloodstream presents a per se exigency that justifies an exception to the Fourth Amendment’s warrant requirement for nonconsensual blood testing in all drunk-driving cases,” and holds instead “that exigency in this context must be determined case by case based on the totality of the circumstances.”

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The Fourth Amendment rule allowing occupants of premises to be temporarily seized while a warrant is executed is limited to persons “in the immediate vicinity” of the premises to be searched.

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The Sixth Amendment right to the effective assistance of counsel imposes on defense counsel “the duty to communicate formal offers from the prosecution to accept a plea on terms and conditions that may be favorable to the accused.”

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Addresses “how to apply Strickland’s [Sixth Amendment ineffective assistance of counsel] prejudice test where ineffective assistance results in a rejection of the plea offer and the defendant is convicted at the ensuing trial.”

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Admission of government lab technicians’ sworn “certificates of analysis” that substance taken from defendant was cocaine violated defendant’s Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause right; the certificates were “affidavits” and within the “core class of testimonial statements” defined in Crawford v. Washington.

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